acid-base.com
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HomeHistoryPhysiologyAcid ProductionInterpretationClinical AspectsResp. TreatmentMetab. TreatmentStrong Ion Diffnce.Acid-Base Diagram Henderson Eqn. pH Playground Simple Arithmetic Terminology Alphabetical Index References Testimonials Computing Methods About the Author Contact by "Grog" (Alan W. Grogono), Professor Emeritus, Tulane University Department of Anesthesiology Home History Physiology Acid Production Interpretation Clinical Aspects Resp. Treatment Metab. Treatment Strong Ion Diffnce. Acid-Base Diagram Henderson Eqn. pH Playground Simple Arithmetic Terminology Alphabetical Index References Testimonials Computing Methods About the Author Contact Acid-Base Balance Tutorial Home Page This Website mixes serious learning with a little fun. Enough: 'An author who speaks about his own books is almost as bad as a mother who talks about her own children' – Benjamin Disraeli. Nov 19th 1873. Introduction The devastating 1952 poliomyelitis epidemic in Copenhagen (Danish: København) demonstrated the critical need for accurate acid-base assessment. About 3,000 people were infected, of whom roughly one in ten had respiratory paralysis due to bulbar poliomyelitis and about one in hundred died. The story of how 1,500 medical and dental students provided 24-hour manual ventilation and saved about 100 lives (Berend 2018) is summarized in greater detail at the start of the History Section. The author's own involvement in critical care, the creation of ventilators, and the design of acid-base diagrams is at the foot of the History Section Acid-Base Balance Diagram: Typical ZonesAcid-Base Balance Diagram: Typical Zones Revision This tutorial was completely rewritten in March 2018 with new text, diagrams, fonts, and colors. It explains clinical acid-base balance and features the revised Interactive Acid-base Diagram (on the right) that now displays typical clinical disturbances in both Metric and US Units. Click on the small icons and diagrams throughout the website to get additional information – sometimes serious, sometimes light-hearted! The website also focuses on the many Unfortunate Historical Decisions whose legacy still complicates this subject. The Bird's Eye-View, Two Components "Breath out the CO2." Respiratory: When breathing is inadequate carbon dioxide accumulates. The extra CO2 molecules combine with water to form carbonic acid, also known as respiratory acid, which contributes to an acid pH. The treatment, if all else fails, is to lower the PCO2 by breathing for the patient using a ventilator. "Either treat, or wait and watch." Metabolic: When normal metabolism is impaired acid forms, e.g., poor blood supply stops oxidative metabolism and lactic acid forms. This acid is not respiratory so, by exclusion, it is "metabolic." If severe, the patient may be in shock and require treatment, possibly by neutralizing this excess acid with bicarbonate, possibly b
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